2012年8月11日土曜日

朝鮮半島 / The Chosen peninsula (B)No.6

第六章・日本がやった悪い事 / Being bad that Japan did it


50)統監府は1909年に戸籍制度改革を断行し、前政権では人間の分類に入れなかった農民に姓名を許可したのです。

李氏朝鮮時代は、戸籍に身分の記載を義務付けましたが、これを排除した事で全ての国民が平等になり、誰もが胸を張って学校へ通える様になりました。

この身分解放には、反発する両班の激しい抵抗が繰り返された。

今まで奴隷として蔑んできた民草と同等の身分になる事は、自尊心もさることながら身の危険を覚悟しなければならない。それは如何に酷い弾圧を加えてきたかの証拠でもある。

然し、統監府は身分の平等は国造りの要だとして譲らず、武力行使を辞さずに不満分子を鎮圧したのです。

51)1910年(明治43年)8月29日に日韓併合が公布されると、日本政府は伊藤博文が理想とした韓国近代化計画に輪を掛けた様に、旧貴族階級および国民に悪事の限りを尽くしました。

前政権時代は、幹線道路と言えるものはソウルと北朝鮮の義州を結ぶ、宗主国の使者専用道路が一本だけだった。

52)その上に山々は禿げ上がっており河川の修復などは皆無で、これらの河川に架けられた橋は、殆ど腐って中程に大きな穴が空いている始末でした。

少し大雨が続くと洪水を誘発し人の往来は途絶えてしまう。誠に見事な未開の地である。

普通でもソウルと仁川の間32キロを往復すには五日は必要だから、農産物の管理や物流などは全く絵空事に過ぎないのです。

53)当時の朝鮮における物流は、牛馬を使う訳ではなく人力による行商に頼っておりました。

何故ならば、牛馬車が往来できる幅の道路が無かった事と、人間より牛馬の餌代が数段に高かったの事が大きな原因でした。

その為に物資の運搬は、総て人間の背中が荷馬車となり、輸送手段の貴重な役目を担っていた訳です。

54)鉄道網は未開地を近代化する為には必要不可欠の要素であります。
鉄道に代表される交通網の発達は、人間社会における生活水準を表すバロメーターでもある。

然し、残念ながら日清戦争以前の李氏朝鮮には、財政運営や鉄道交通の基礎知識が全くなかったから、大日本帝国政府は総力を上げ交通網の整備に当つた事は言うまでもありません。

55)地味な話になりますが、日韓併合に寄って統監府から名称が総督府に変更となり、日本が最初に行った酷い悪事は土地改良と改革です。

所有者・価格・面積・地形などを調査し地面図を作成し、不正流用の隠れ田畑を洗い出し、新しい租税対象の検地を実施しました。

これには古くからの地主や両班から激しい抵抗があった。

56)この調査で272万町歩と推定されていた耕作面積が487万町歩も出て来たのである。

農地開拓で増えた田畑を差し引いても、納税されていない隠れた土地が大量に発見され、税金を払う気配は見せず既得権益だけを申し立てる地主が二万人以上も現れました。

総督府は農会組織を作り、小作人や田畑を持たない人達へ幽霊地を低価格で払い下げ、不公平性の解消に当たったのです。

57)この頃の朝鮮では、野山の草木を切り取って燃料に使っていたから、ソウル近郊にも森林は殆ど見当たらない。

雨が続けば保水能力がないので、韓江の水が溢れソウルまで脅かされる。

総督府は大東亜戦争が勃発する直前まで、禿山だった朝鮮半島の山々を豊かな森林に変える植林を余儀なくされ続けました。

58)これと並行し田畑の改良と開拓、河川の整備と農業用水の設置と云う様に、朝鮮の近代化に必要なありとあらゆる改善・改革・施工を厭わなかったのです。

頼みもしないのに資金まで工面して、憑かれた様に汗水垂らす日本人を、儒教の精神である空理空論が骨の髄まで染み込んでしまった両班たちには、さぞや滑稽に映った事であろう。

59)朝鮮で最初の水力発電事業は金剛山電気と云う会社であった。

当時日本国内の発電量は1000Kwに対し、朝鮮は一万Kw単位だったから想像を絶する。

これを手始めに1944年水豊水力発電所の竣工までに、十数箇所の発電所が建設され朝鮮全土へ電気を供給し、夜間での不便な生活も一挙に改善されました。

60)発電事業の飛躍的進歩により重化学工業の下地が完成すると、窒素主体の化学工場が建設され、副産物として肥料やセメントの製造が活発化します。

農業生産高は一挙に向上し、土木工事も数段の効率化が可能となった。

新たに生産された朝鮮製品を日本へ輸出する為には、新たな鉄道網と大規模の港湾施設建設工事が誘発され、朝鮮半島では至る処で近代化の波に身心が沸き返った事であろう。

ひと昔前には想像もつかなかった光景が全土で繰り広げられた筈です。

61)これらの相乗効果は鉄道に関しても、1900年にソウルと仁川39キロの開通を皮切りに、併合後の20年間で朝鮮半島の東西南北に鉄道レールが敷き詰められた。

この様に朝鮮の近代化は表面上順調すぎる程に推移されたが、それでも朝鮮民族の心や視線の先は、西の支那大陸であり北のロシアだったと思う。

その事はこの時代から現在に至るまでの、朝鮮民族が日本に対する自らの行為行動が、如実に物語っている様に思えてならないのである。


Chapter 6 / Being bad that Japanese did it

50)The commander prefecture carried out family registry system reform in 1909 and admitted the name to the farmer whom I did not send to the human classification in the ex-government.
For Rishi-chosen Era, I obliged a family register to a mention of the social position, but it was to have removed this, and all nations became equal and anyone stuck out his/her chest and became able to go to school.
For this social position liberation, the intense resistance of the person belonging to the governing classes in Korea who rebelled was repeated. It must prepare for the danger of the body in spite of being the pride leaving so far to become the social position that is equal to the citizens whom I looked down upon as a slave. It is the evidence that how increased terrible oppression.
However, the commander prefecture did not hand over the equality of the social position saying that it was the pivot made with a country and suppressed discontented elements without stopping use of armed force.

51)When Japan-Korea merger was promulgated on August 29, 1910, the Japanese Government committed all kinds of evil deeds to Korea and the Korea nation as having spent a ring on the modernization plan that Hirofumi Ito idealized in Korea. It is really a backward region.
The road for exclusive use of the messenger of the suzerain where the thing which could say that Korea of the ex-government era was a highway bound Seoul and State of North Korean justice together was only one.

52)The mountains grew bald on the top, and there was no restoration of the river, and the bridge built over these rivers was almost corrupt, and a halfway big hole became vacant.
When some heavy rains continue, I cause a flood, and the road of the person comes to an end.
Because it was necessary for five days when even normal performed coming and going of Seoul and Inchon 32 kilos, the management or the distribution of farm products were only tall tales at all.

53)The distribution in then Korea did not use the oxen and horses and depended on peddling by the human power.
This was because the bait charges of oxen and horses was higher to some steps than a human being with there not having been a road of the width that oxen and horses car could come and go.
Therefore the back of the all human being becomes the wagon, and transportation of supplies is the translation that I took the valuable duty of transportation means on.

54)The railway network is an element of the indispensableness to modernize a backward region.
The development of a transportation network represented by a railroad is barometer expressing the standard of living in the human being society.
However, I put up all power, and the Japanese Government hit the maintenance of the transportation network because unfortunately Rishi-chosen before the Sinkoku-Japanese War did not have basic knowledge of the financial administration and railway traffic at all.

55)55) Is quiet; is talked, but get together for Japan-Korea merger, and a name is changed in the governor-general's office from the commander prefecture, and the terrible evil deed that Japan performed first is reclamation and reform.
I investigated an owner, a price, an area, the topography and made a figure of ground and investigated the secret fields of the unjust diversion and carried out the land surveying for a new land tax.
This had intense resistance from a landowner and the yang-ban from old times.

56)The area under tillage estimated to be 272 (ten thousand) ha in this investigation came out to 487 (ten thousand) ha.
The secret land which was not paid was discovered in large quantities even if I deducted the fields which increased by farmland reclamation, and the landowner who stated only vested interest appeared in the sign to pay a tax more than 20,000 without showing it.
The governor-general's office made an agricultural association organization and I was low-priced and disposed of a ghost place to people who did not have a tenant and the fields and hit unfairness-related cancellation.

57)Because they cut the trees and plants of hills and fields in recent Korea and used it in fuel, most of the forest was not found in the Seoul neighboring either.
If rain continues, water of Kankou overflows and is threatened to Seoul because there is not ability for earth-water preservation.
The governor-general's office continued planting to change the mountains of the Korean Peninsula which was a bald mountain into the rich forest until just before that that Greater East Asia War broke out.

58)I did not mind every improvement, reform, construction that was necessary for the Korean modernization to say improvement and the reclamation of the fields, the maintenance of the river and setting of the agriculture water parallel to this.
It will be that it seemed to me very funnily so that I raise it to a fund though I do not ask, and the yang-ban that the empty theory that is Confucian mind soaked into to the bone cuts off the Japanese who toils as having been possessed.

59)The first hydraulic power generation business was Kongosan Electric in Korea.
The quantity of generation in Japan is far beyond imagination in those days for 1000Kw because Korea was 10,000 Kw units.
I built the power station of the dozen by the completion of the Suiho hydroelectric power station in this in the beginning in 1944 and supplied electricity to the whole Korea.
The inconvenient life in the night was improved at one sweep.

60)When the groundwork of heavy and chemical industries is completed by rapid progress of the generation business, a nitrogen-based chemical factory is built, and production of manure and the cement becomes active as a by-product.
The agriculture production improved at one sweep, and, as for the public works, several steps of efficiency was enabled.
New railway network and the harbor facilities construction of the large scale are caused to export Korea products produced newly to Japan and will be that mind and body were in an uproar at a wave of the modernization in a place to reach in the Korean Peninsula.
The scene which the imagination did not point out should have been developed in the whole land before the age.

61)As for these synergy, a railroad rail was spread all over the north, south, east and west of the Korean Peninsula with Seoul and the opening to traffic of Inchon 39 kilos as a start about the railroad in 20 years after the merger in 1900.
Outwardly the Korean modernization is too favorable and was changed in this way, but thinks that still a point of a heart and eyes of the Korea race is west China continent and was north Russia.
Own act action for Japan seems to vividly show the thing the Korea race before this time reaching it at the present.

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