2012年9月14日金曜日

国民の知らない戦争秘話 / The war secret story that the nation does not know

鎖国と開国 / National seclusion and the foundation of a country No.1

1)1842年にアヘン戦争に於ける支那・清国の敗北があった。
当時の日本政府・江戸幕府はそれまでの異国船に対する強硬姿勢を和らげ、外国籍の船舶に水や食料を手厚く提供する事で、争いごとを起こさず穏便に帰国して貰う懐柔策に切り替えた。
腹の底では開国する考えなど毛頭なかった筈であります。

2)1853年にフィルモア米大統領の命を受けたペリー提督が、黒船艦隊を率いて来航し江戸幕府に開国と通商を迫ったのです。
日本側はその場しのぎに一年の猶予を求めると、翌年ペリー提督は再び黒船で現れ強引に日米和親条約を結んだ。
同年には日英・日露和親条約も締結され、日本開国の幕開けとなった。

3)1856年7月になると、アメリカ領事タウンゼント・ハリスが修好通商条約締結のため来日したが、幕府内の権力争いが激しかったし、朝廷も完全に意見が一本化されておらず、天皇からの勅許が下りなかった。
1858年に大老・井伊直弼が日米修好通商条約を結び、英国・仏蘭西・オランダ・ロシアと五か国間でも修好通商条約を締結しましたが、その間でも多くの尊い命を奪い、激動の波は留まるところを知らぬげに吹き荒れたのである。


4)1859年には函館・横浜・長崎が開港され本格的に貿易が開始され、主な相手国はイギリスでした。
日本からは生糸や茶などを輸出し、毛織物・綿織物・艦船・武器などが大量に輸入されたのです。
なお、続いて新潟と神戸も開港されたが、この安政・五カ国条約は日本には全くの不平等条約だった。

5)この様に明治維新とは黒船に象徴される如く、欧米列強の軍事力による帝国主義への抵抗運動から誕生したと云える。
支那でのアヘン戦争以後、欧米列強の東アジアに対する植民地化がし烈を極め、それを阻もうとする旧来の鎖国体制勢力と、新たな流れを取り込もうとする新勢力との戦いでもあった。


6)しかし江戸幕府は、朝廷の意に反する形で開国・通商路線に傾いた為、抵抗勢力が尊王論者と結び、朝廷の権威を利し、幕政改革と攘夷を実行合体する尊王攘夷論者が生まれ、大きなうねりとなった。
この騒乱期に正義があるとしたら、己の信ずる道を突っ走る以外に方法はなかったのかも知れない。

7)世界の流れが変わる時は得てしてこの様なものであろう。
徳川幕府内にもあちこちに水溜りが出現していたし、国内の至る処で急進派や改革派が、口から泡を吹きながら己の旗を掲げた。
皇室を担ぎ出した薩摩と長州藩の連合軍が、1868年に徳川将軍家を倒し、天皇を中心とする明治政府を樹立したのです。


8)冷めた目で振り返れば、地方の不満を抱える大名家の貧乏侍たちが、積年の不満を新たな潮流で洗い流し、万民に平等な豊かさを配分し様と試みた。
何処の国でも一度は経験する革命です。大義名分や正義は後から幾らでもついてくる。
要はその思い込みが欲望だったのか純粋だったかの違いだけであろう。


『 National seclusion and the foundation of a country 』


Because this English sentence is machine translation, please forgive it when a meaning is unidentified.

1) Defeat of China / Shinkoku in the Opium War was in 1,842 years.
The then Japanese Government, Edo Shogunate softened the hard line for the previous foreign ship and changed it to a conciliatory measure to have you go back to the ship of the foreign family register gently without waking up every fight by providing water and food carefully.
There could not be thoughts to open a country at all at the bottom of the stomach.


2) Admiral Perry who received a command of the U.S. President Fillmore in 1853 led a black ship fleet and visited a shore and pressed the Edo Shogunate for the foundation of a country and commerce.
When the Japanese side demanded a postponement of one year temporarily, the Admiral Perry appeared with a black ship again in the next year and bound Japan and the United States sum parent treaty together forcibly.
The Japan and Britain, Japan and Russia sum pro-treaty was concluded in the same year, too and became the opening scene of a play of the foundation of a country in Japan.


3) When it was July, 1856, American consul Townsend Harris visited Japan for the trade agreement conclusion, but a struggle for power in the Shogunate was intense, and Imperial grant from the Emperor did not go down the Imperial Court without opinions being completely unified either.
Chief ministry, Naosuke Ii tied up a Japan-U.S. trade agreement in 1858 and concluded a trade agreement at the U.K., France, Netherlands Russia and the five countries interval, but, meanwhile, I took the holy life of most away, and the wave of the turbulence raged so that intellect and others could take off a place to remain in.

4) Hakodate, Yokohama, Nagasaki was opened a port of in 1859, and trade was started in earnest, and the main other country was the U.K.
I exported raw silk or tea from Japan, and woolen stuff, cotton textiles, vessels, weapons were imported in large quantities.
In addition, Niigata and Kobe were opened a port of successively, too, but this Ansei, Five-Power Treaty was a really unequal treaty in Japan.

5) I can tell you to have been born from resistance movement to the imperialism by the armaments of the European and American Great Powers as if it is symbolized with the Meiji Restoration in this way by a black ship.
After Opium War in China, it was a fight with the new power that I was going to take the old national seclusion system power that colonization for the East Asia of the European and American Great Powers was going to block it fierce を pole and a new flow in.

6) However, because the Edo Shogunate inclined to the foundation of a country, the commerce route in form against will of the Imperial Court, anti-reform forces bound it together with an imperialism debater and benefited authority of the Imperial Court, and the revering the Emperor and expelling the barbarians debater who I carried out shogunal administration reform and exclusion of foreigners, and was united was born, and it was with big undulation.
If there was justice for this turmoil period, there might not be the method unless I raced by one's course to believe.

7) When a world flow changes, I will be often like this.
A puddle appeared in many places in Tokugawa shogunate government and raised one's flag while radicals and a reformist blew on a bubble from a mouth in a domestic place to reach.
I defeated Tokugawa family to inherit the shogunate in 1868, and Satsuma and the Allied Forces of the Choshu feudal clan which carried the Imperial Family established the Meiji government led by the Emperor.

8) Poverty samurais of the large prestigious family which had local dissatisfaction washed away dissatisfaction of the long time by a new tide if I looked back with the mesh which cooled down and I distributed the equal richness into all the people and tried it with a state.
It is a revolution to experience once in country of any place. A just cause and the justice come as many as one likes later.
The important thing is that the belief was greed will be only a pure difference.